1. _____ is the example of non-renewable natural resources.
Correct Answer: d) Coal and petroleum
Explanation: Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels that take millions of years to form and cannot be replenished in human timeframes, making them non-renewable. Water, solar energy, and crops are renewable resources.
2. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
Correct Answer: d) All the above
Explanation: All listed options are fossil fuels derived from ancient organic matter. Coal is a solid fossil fuel, petroleum is liquid, and tar is a viscous liquid derived from petroleum or coal.
3. The fossil fuel is extracted by a technique called:
Correct Answer: b) Hydraulic fracturing
Explanation: Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is a method used to extract oil and natural gas from deep underground by injecting high-pressure fluid to create fractures in rock formations.
4. _____ is used for the generation of electricity.
Explanation: All these fossil fuels are used in power plants to generate electricity. Coal is most common, but petroleum products and tar are also used in some power generation facilities.
5. Common energy source in villages is:
Correct Answer: d) Wood and animal dung
Explanation: In many rural areas, traditional biomass like wood and dried animal dung remains the primary energy source for cooking and heating due to accessibility and low cost.
6. Biogas is otherwise called:
Correct Answer: c) Gobar gas
Explanation: In India, biogas is commonly called "Gobar gas" as it's often produced from cow dung (gobar). While methane is the main component, "Gobar gas" is the local name.
7. Earth's surface is covered with nearly _____ of water.
Correct Answer: a) 70%
Explanation: Approximately 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water, with oceans holding about 96.5% of all Earth's water. The commonly rounded figure is 70%.
8. Hydropower plants convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into:
Correct Answer: d) Electricity
Explanation: Hydropower plants use turbines to convert the kinetic energy of moving water into mechanical energy, which generators then convert into electrical energy.
9. The Chipko movement was originated in _____ district of Uttarakhand.
Correct Answer: d) Chamoli
Explanation: The Chipko movement began in 1973 in the Chamoli district (now part of Uttarakhand) when villagers hugged trees to prevent their cutting, inspiring global environmental movements.
10. Van Mahotsav includes:
Explanation: Van Mahotsav (Forest Festival) is an annual tree-planting festival in India that promotes all aspects of forest conservation - planting new trees, protecting existing ones, and restoring degraded areas.
11. The main purpose of rainwater harvesting is to recharge the:
Correct Answer: d) Groundwater table
Explanation: Rainwater harvesting primarily aims to replenish groundwater aquifers by allowing rainwater to percolate into the ground, raising the water table and preventing depletion.
12. Soil erosion can be prevented by:
Correct Answer: a) Afforestation
Explanation: Planting trees (afforestation) helps bind soil with roots, reduces water runoff, and protects against wind erosion, making it the most effective method among the options to prevent soil erosion.
13. Soil erosion is caused by:
Explanation: All these human activities remove protective vegetation cover, exposing soil to wind and water erosion. Deforestation removes trees, farming disturbs soil structure, and overgrazing removes ground cover.
14. Forest Conservation Act was established in:
Correct Answer: c) 1980
Explanation: The Forest Conservation Act was enacted in 1980 to restrict deforestation and conserve India's forests. It requires central government approval for using forest land for non-forest purposes.
15. The Wildlife Protection Act was established in:
Correct Answer: b) 1972
Explanation: The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 provides the legal framework for wildlife conservation in India, establishing protected areas and regulating hunting of specified species.
16. The Provisions of Wildlife Protection Act are:
Explanation: The Wildlife Protection Act includes all these provisions - hunting bans, protected area establishment, and special measures for endangered species like Project Tiger.
17. Jim Corbett National Park was established in:
Correct Answer: d) Uttarakhand
Explanation: India's first national park (established 1936) is located in Uttarakhand. Originally in Uttar Pradesh, it became part of Uttarakhand after the state's formation in 2000.
18. Greenhouse effect refers to:
Correct Answer: c) Warming of earth
Explanation: The greenhouse effect is the natural process where certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, maintaining temperatures suitable for life. Human activities have intensified this effect, causing global warming.
19. Global warming will cause the following problem:
Explanation: Global warming leads to all these consequences: melting ice caps/glaciers, thermal expansion of seawater raising ocean levels, and subsequent submergence of low-lying islands.
20. Disposal of any kind of electrical and electronic waste is called:
Correct Answer: d) e-waste
Explanation: Electronic waste (e-waste) includes discarded electrical/electronic devices. It's a growing environmental concern due to toxic components like lead, mercury, and cadmium that require special disposal methods.